初中英语知识点总结：阅读理解
2015年01月26日 15:28:11 访问量：306次
知识点总结
阅读理解主要考查学生一下几个方面的阅读理解能力：
1、理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。
2、理解和把握文章具体信息来获取有关信息能力，及根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义、句意，进而加深对文章的理解能力。
3、根据文章进行简单的数字推算和计算的能力。
4、既要理解词、短语、句子和文章的表层意思，更要理解其深层含义和抽象概念的能力。
5、理解全篇的逻辑关系，根据已知信息进行合理的推理判断和预测新信息的能力。
解题技巧：
1、顺序法：先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此方法适合内容较易于理解和记忆飞文章。
2、颠倒法：先读试题再读文章，这样我们可以带着问题有的放矢的阅读文章并迅速发现答案。
3、交叉法：先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可再次回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定。
4、排除法：对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案。
5、要尊重原材料中的信息、观点，并在此基础上答题；不要凭想当然、主观臆断答题，不要钻牛角尖。
6、在做任务型阅读回答问题时，要尽量简略回答，无关信息尽量删除。特殊疑问句的回答基本是直接信息，在原文中能直接找到答案。
常见考法
误区提醒
【典型例题剖析】
My parents taught me not to waste food. My mom always found ways to make leftovers (剩余食物) taste good. I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area. I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!
Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. People learned to cook and eat almost everything. They had to think of ways to make special dishes. One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. That might not sound very good, but it does taste good. Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets (宴会).
Another famous dish is called zao bing. It’s made with fruit, meat and other things. I really liked it! But I didn’t want to eat too much. It has a lot of fat in it.
I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan area─duck meat. The duck meat is put in a big oven (炉子) to cook it. Smoke keeps the meat fresh. I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious! It tasted sweet.
Ilan is a great place with delicious food. I hope I can come back again!
1. The writer learns from her parents __________.
A. not to eat leftovers B. to eat good food
C. not to waste food D. to make good food
2. She finds that people in Ilan __________.
A. always waste food B. don’t use leftovers
C. don’t have enough food D. can cook special food
3. Kao zha is a good dish that is made with __________.
A. fruit, meat and other things B. fresh and sweet duck meat
C. some different leftovers D. meat, soup and fruit
4. There are __________ kinds of special foods mentioned in the passage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
5. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. there was not enough food in Ilan long ago
B. leftovers can’t be used to cook delicious food
C. zao bing is a famous dish without any fat in it
D. the writer is interested in very big banquets
解析：
1、C 这是一道细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“My parents taught me not to waste food.”可得出答案。
2、D 细节理解题。根据二、三、四段可得出答案。A与事实不符；B项与第二段意思相悖；C项指现在，但文中说的是过去。
3、C 根据第二段第四、五句可得出答案。
4、B 细节理解题。三种食物是kao zha、zao bing、duck meat。
5、A 推理判断提。根据第二段第一句可得出答案。
阅读理解主要考查学生一下几个方面的阅读理解能力：
1、理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。
2、理解和把握文章具体信息来获取有关信息能力，及根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义、句意，进而加深对文章的理解能力。
3、根据文章进行简单的数字推算和计算的能力。
4、既要理解词、短语、句子和文章的表层意思，更要理解其深层含义和抽象概念的能力。
5、理解全篇的逻辑关系，根据已知信息进行合理的推理判断和预测新信息的能力。
解题技巧：
1、顺序法：先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此方法适合内容较易于理解和记忆飞文章。
2、颠倒法：先读试题再读文章，这样我们可以带着问题有的放矢的阅读文章并迅速发现答案。
3、交叉法：先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可再次回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定。
4、排除法：对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案。
5、要尊重原材料中的信息、观点，并在此基础上答题；不要凭想当然、主观臆断答题，不要钻牛角尖。
6、在做任务型阅读回答问题时，要尽量简略回答，无关信息尽量删除。特殊疑问句的回答基本是直接信息，在原文中能直接找到答案。
常见考法
误区提醒
【典型例题剖析】
My parents taught me not to waste food. My mom always found ways to make leftovers (剩余食物) taste good. I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area. I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!
Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. People learned to cook and eat almost everything. They had to think of ways to make special dishes. One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. That might not sound very good, but it does taste good. Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets (宴会).
Another famous dish is called zao bing. It’s made with fruit, meat and other things. I really liked it! But I didn’t want to eat too much. It has a lot of fat in it.
I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan area─duck meat. The duck meat is put in a big oven (炉子) to cook it. Smoke keeps the meat fresh. I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious! It tasted sweet.
Ilan is a great place with delicious food. I hope I can come back again!
1. The writer learns from her parents __________.
A. not to eat leftovers B. to eat good food
C. not to waste food D. to make good food
2. She finds that people in Ilan __________.
A. always waste food B. don’t use leftovers
C. don’t have enough food D. can cook special food
3. Kao zha is a good dish that is made with __________.
A. fruit, meat and other things B. fresh and sweet duck meat
C. some different leftovers D. meat, soup and fruit
4. There are __________ kinds of special foods mentioned in the passage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
5. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. there was not enough food in Ilan long ago
B. leftovers can’t be used to cook delicious food
C. zao bing is a famous dish without any fat in it
D. the writer is interested in very big banquets
解析：
1、C 这是一道细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“My parents taught me not to waste food.”可得出答案。
2、D 细节理解题。根据二、三、四段可得出答案。A与事实不符；B项与第二段意思相悖；C项指现在，但文中说的是过去。
3、C 根据第二段第四、五句可得出答案。
4、B 细节理解题。三种食物是kao zha、zao bing、duck meat。
5、A 推理判断提。根据第二段第一句可得出答案。
编辑：康建丽
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